Turing Test
A test of machine intelligence proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, where a human evaluator tries to distinguish between a machine and a human based solely on conversation.
The Original Proposal
In 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence,' Turing proposed the 'imitation game': if a machine can fool a human evaluator into thinking it's human through text-based conversation, it demonstrates intelligence.
Modern Relevance
Modern LLMs can pass simple versions of the Turing Test. But the test is now considered an insufficient measure of intelligence -- a machine can be convincingly human-like while lacking genuine understanding, reasoning, or consciousness.